EPS and its link with financial resources - Concept
Earnings per share ratio is used to evaluate the performance of an entity over a period. EPS must therefore take into account the resources used to generate the earnings in an accounting period.
For instance, if a company issues share capital on the last date of an accounting period, it would not be appropriate to base the entire EPS calculation on the number of shares outstanding on the last date of the period since the earnings for that period were generated from the funds of the company exclusive of the proceeds from the issue of share capital on the last day.
Therefore, the weighted average shares in EPS calculation must be time apportioned to account for the issue and redemption of share capital during an accounting period.
Issue of share capital for consideration
EPS calculation must account for the share capital issued during the period for the number of days it was outstanding during that period. For example, if a company having a year end of 31st December issues share capital on 1st April, the number of new shares in EPS calculation must be included for 9 months only because the entity did not receive the resources in respect of those shares in the first three months of the year.
Also, where only part of the share capital has been called, the number of shares in EPS calculation must be adjusted to reflect the full share equivalent of the partly issued share capital.
Where shares are issued without any consideration (i.e. bonus shares), they are included in the EPS calculation without time apportionment as fully explained in this article: EPS involving bonus issue.
Quiz
How much do you know about impact of issue of shares under IAS 33 Earnings per Share?
Take the free quiz below and find out!
Question
ABC PLC has a year end of 31st December 2012. During the year, ABC LTD issued 80 million new shares on 1st October 2012. Only 50% of the total amount receivable on the new shares was called at the time of issue of shares. The remaining amount is scheduled to be received on 1st January 2013. The number of shares outstanding at the start of the year were 100 million.
What is the weighted average number of shares to be used in the EPS calculation?
180 million
Incorrect.
(100 + 80 = 180)
The number of new shares must be weighted for the period of time they were not outstanding and also for the portion of consideration not yet received on those shares.
140 million
Incorrect.
(100 + 80 x 50% = 140)
The number of fresh shares issued must be adjusted for the period of time they were not outstanding.
120 million
Incorrect.
(100 + 80 x 3/12 = 120)
The new shares issued must be adjusted for the portion of cash which was outstanding during the period.
110 million
Correct.
(100 + [80 x 3/12] x 50%)
The new shares must be adjusted for the amount of cash not received during the period (50%). As the shares had been outstanding for only 3 months, weighted average number of new shares must be further reduced by 3/12 ratio.
Redemption of share capital
As with share capital issue, redemption of share capital must be incorporated in the EPS calculation by time apportionment.
EPS calculation must account for the share capital redeemed during the period for the number of days it was outstanding during that period. For example, if a company having a year end of 31st December redeems part of its share capital on 31st March, the number of shares to be included in the EPS calculation in respect of those shares shall be 3 months because the entity would only have used the resources in respect of the issue of such shares for the first three months of the year.
Also, where only a portion of share capital has been repaid, the number of shares in EPS calculation must be adjusted to include the full share equivalents of the partly repaid shares.
Quiz
How much do you know about impact of redemption of shares under IAS 33 Earnings per Share?
Take the free quiz below and find out!
Question
ABC PLC has a year end of 31st December 2012. During the year, ABC LTD redeemed 80 million of its existing share capital on 30th September 2012. Only 50% of the total amount payable on shares was paid on 30th September. The remaining amount is scheduled to be paid on 1st January 2013. The number of shares outstanding at the start of the year were 130 million.
What is the weighted average number of shares to be used in the EPS calculation?
50 million
Incorrect.
(130 - 80 = 50)
The number of redeemed shares must be included for the period of time they were outstanding as adjusted for the fraction of amount that was not repaid during the year.
90 million
Incorrect.
(130 - 80 x 50% = 90)
The number of redeemed shares must be included for the period of time they were outstanding.
110 million
Incorrect.
(130 - 80 x 3/12 = 70)
The redeemed shares must be adjusted for the portion of amount which was unpaid during the period.
120 million
Correct.
(130 - [80 x 3/12] x 50%)
The redeemed shares must be adjusted for the amount of cash unpaid during the period (50%). As the redeemed shares had been outstanding for 9 months, weighted average number of new shares must be further reduced by 3/12 ratio.
Formula
Following formula illustrates how shares issue and redemption is incorporated in the Basic EPS calculation:
Basic EPS:
|
= |
Earnings attributable to ordinary share holders for the year |
|
|
Weighted Average Shares [A + B - C + D] |
||
| Where: | ||
|---|---|---|
|
A |
= |
Number of shares at the start of the year. |
|
B |
= |
Shares issued during the year x (no. of days since issue / 365) x (% of cash received) |
|
C |
= |
Shares redeemed during the year x (no. of days since redemption / 365) x (% of cash paid) |
|
D |
= |
Number of bonus shares issued during the year. |
Example
ABC PLC has a year end of 31st December 2012. On 1st October 2012, ABC PLC issued 5 million new shares for $10 million receivable 60% on the date of issue and 40% as on 1st January 2013. ABC PLC also redeemed 2 million shares in full on 1st November 2012.
Further information related to ABC PLC is as follows:
Ordinary Shares as on 1st January 2012: 10,000,000
Earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders for 2012: $5,000,000
Calculation of Basic Earnings Per Share for 2012 would be as follows:
Basic EPS:
|
= |
$5,000,000 |
|
|
A [10,000,000] + B [756,164] - C [334,247] |
||
= $ 0.48 per share
Note:
A = Number of shares at the beginning of the period (given)
B = Weighted average of new shares issued during the year
- 5,000,000 x 92/365 x 60% = 756,164
- Where:
- No. of shares issued: 5,000,000
- No. of days since 1st October: 92
- % of cash received on issue: 60%
C = Weighted average of shares redeemed during the year:
- 2,000,000 x 61/365 x 100% = 334,247
- Where:
- No. of shares redeemed: 2,000,000
- No. of days since 1st November: 61
- % of cash repaid: 100%